def escape(text):
    text = text.replace('*', r'\*')
    text = text.replace('`', r'\`')
    return text


def preformat(text):
    return escape(str(text))


class RoleWrapper(str):
    role = None

    @classmethod
    def _wrap(cls, text):
        return ':{role}:`{text}`'.format(role=cls.role, text=text)

    def __new__(cls, text):
        return super(RoleWrapper, cls).__new__(cls, cls._wrap(text))


class Italic(RoleWrapper):
    role = 'emphasis'


class Oblique(Italic):
    pass


class Bold(RoleWrapper):
    role = 'strong'


Light = str
Underline = str


class Superscript(RoleWrapper):
    role = 'superscript'


class Subscript(RoleWrapper):
    role = 'subscript'


SmallCaps = str